Month: April 2022

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Effects of hot and cold-pressed processes on volatile compounds of peanut oil and corresponding analysis of characteristic flavor components, published in 2019-09-30, which mentions a compound: 13925-00-3, mainly applied to peanut oil volatile compound flavor hot cold pressing, Formula: C6H8N2.

The volatile compounds are concentrated from hot-pressed and cold-pressed peanut oils by HS-SPME and were analyzed by GC-MS-O. In the present study, 101 volatiles were identified in the hot-pressed peanut oil samples, mainly including pyrazines, aldehydes, furans, alcs. and pyrroles, of which characteristic flavor compounds present fresh, fatty, nutty and baking flavor. Sixty-four volatiles were obtained from the cold-pressed peanut oil samples, mainly consisting of aldehydes, alcs., hydrocarbons, furans and ketones, of which characteristic flavor compounds show fresh and nutty flavor. The results indicated that hot-pressed peanut oil has an advantage over cold-pressed peanut oil in the retention of flavor components. Hence, the process method has a significant effect on the flavor components of peanut oil, and the present study may be helpful in evaluating peanut oil quality, as well as discrimination of hot-pressed and cold-pressed peanut oil.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

Heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: alicyclic heterocycles and aromatic heterocycles. Compounds whose heterocycles in the molecular skeleton cannot reflect aromaticity are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds. Compound: 13925-00-3, is researched, Molecular C6H8N2, about An immobilized fungal chlorogenase rapidly degrades chlorogenic acid in a coffee beverage without altering its sensory properties, the main research direction is Rhizoctonia coffee beverage chlorogenase aroma sensory property.Reference of 2-Ethylpyrazine.

Chlorogenic acids are among other compounds suggested to cause stomach discomfort after coffee consumption. Following up a study on coffee powder treated with buffered solution of the p-coumaroyl esterase from Rhizoctonia solani, freshly brewed coffee was treated to explore, if this enzyme would likewise work well in the complex beverage containing possible inhibitors. Using 40 mU of esterase/mL regular coffee brew, an 89% decrease of the 5-O-chlorogenic acid concentration (30 min, ambient temperature) with a concurrent increase of caffeic acid concentration was observed Aroma dilution anal. and sensory studies showed that the treatment did not alter the aroma and taste profiles significantly (p < 0.05). Immobilization experiments using spin columns filled with mesoporous silica or aldehyde-activated agarose as carrier materials showed that the latter degraded chlorogenic acid at an initial reaction rate of 98% and still > 80% after thirty hours. After this time, 500 mL of coffee beverage, equivalent to around 5000 bed volumes, had passed through the column. The high activity of the enzyme, which allowed processing at ambient temperature, and the high specificity, which together resulted in an unchanged flavor profile of the beverage, provide a promising basis for applying the enzyme immobilizate on larger scales.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 2-Ethylpyrazine, is researched, Molecular C6H8N2, CAS is 13925-00-3, about Antioxidative, sensory and volatile profiles of cookies enriched with freeze-dried Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) fruits, the main research direction is antioxidative sensory volatile profile cookies; Antioxidative properties; Cookies; Freeze-dried Japanese quince; Lipid oxidation products; Volatile compounds.HPLC of Formula: 13925-00-3.

The study aimed at assessing effects of freeze-dried Japanese quince fruit (FJQF; 0-9%) added to cookies to improve their antioxidant attributes during storage, sensory and volatile characteristics and acceptability by consumers. Cookies containing FJQF had 2-3.5-fold higher radical scavenging activity and exhibited less secondary lipid oxidation products compared with the control cookies. Enriched cookies had higher contents of volatile hexanal, heptanal, octanal, 2-heptenal, (E) than control cookies. Acetic acid dominated in the volatile profile of enriched cookies (ranging 7.05-23.37%), hence intensities of acidic and citrus aroma were scored high. Cookies stored for 16-wk showed increased amounts of hydrocarbons as compared with fresh cookies and new hydrocarbons were also generated, which were not detected in fresh cookies. The consumer panel indicated a higher preference for cookies containing 1.0 and 1.5% FJQF than those containing 6.0 and 9.0%.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, is researched, Molecular C4H6O4, CAS is 931-40-8, about A Polymer-Reinforced SEI Layer Induced by a Cyclic Carbonate-Based Polymer Electrolyte Boosting 4.45 V LiCoO2/Li Metal Batteries, the main research direction is solid electrolyte interphase carbonate polymer electrolyte battery; cobalt lithium oxide battery solid electrolyte battery; lithium metal batteries; polymer electrolytes; polymer matrixes; solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers.Product Details of 931-40-8.

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are enjoying a renaissance due to the high energy densities. However, they still suffer from the problem of uncontrollable Li dendrite and pulverization caused by continuous cracking of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. To address these issues, developing spontaneously built robust polymer-reinforced SEI layers during electrochem. conditioning can be a simple yet effective solution Herein, a robust homopolymer of cyclic carbonate urethane methacrylate is presented as the polymer matrix through an in situ polymerization method, in which cyclic carbonate units can participate in building a stable polymer-integrated SEI layer during cycling. The as-investigated gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) assembled LiCoO2/Li metal batteries exhibit a fantastic cyclability with a capacity retention of 92% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 180 mAh g-1), evidently exceeding that of the counterpart using liquid electrolytes. It is noted that the anionic ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonate units on the polymer close to the Li metal anodes enables a mech. reinforced SEI layer, thus rendering excellent compatibility with Li anodes. The in situ formed polymer-reinforced SEI layers afford a splendid strategy for developing high voltage resistant GPEs compatible with Li metal anodes toward high energy LMBs.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

The three-dimensional configuration of the ester heterocycle is basically the same as that of the carbocycle. Compound: 2-Ethylpyrazine(SMILESS: CCC1=NC=CN=C1,cas:13925-00-3) is researched.Synthetic Route of C5H7NOS. The article 《The effect of cocoa alkalization on the non-volatile and volatile mood-enhancing compounds》 in relation to this compound, is published in Food Chemistry. Let’s take a look at the latest research on this compound (cas:13925-00-3).

Alkalization is a process to improve color, dispersibility and flavor of cocoa powder but is likely to have a neg. effect on the phytochems. Hereto, the impact of alkalization degree (none, medium and high) on the potential mood-enhancing compounds corresponding to the four levels of the mood pyramid model (flavanols, methylxanthines, biogenic amines and orosensory properties) was investigated. The phytochem. content, analyzed via UPLC-HRMS, showed reduction of specific potential mood-enhancing compounds upon alkalization, implying a decrease in bitterness and astringency. Moreover, volatile compounds anal. via HS-SPME-GC-MS indicated that alkalization reduced the levels of volatile compounds, responsible for acidity, fruity, floral and cocoa aromas. With respect to the orosensory properties, the cocoa powder palatability was suggested to be increased due to reduced acidity, bitterness, and astringency, while the desired volatile compounds were reduced. However, sensorial anal. is required to link the volatile results with the overall effect on the flavor perception.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

Nguyen-Phu, Huy; Do, Lien Thi; Shin, Eun Woo published the article 《Investigation of glycerolysis of urea over various ZnMeO (Me = Co, Cr, and Fe) mixed oxide catalysts》. Keywords: glycerolysis urea zinc cobalt chromium iron oxide catalyst.They researched the compound: 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one( cas:931-40-8 ).Product Details of 931-40-8. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:931-40-8) here.

In this study, we investigated the glycerolysis of urea over various ZnMeO (Me = Co, Cr, and Fe) mixed oxide catalysts. ZnMeO mixed oxide catalysts were prepared by a co-precipitation method for two Zn/Me ratios, resulting in Zn-rich mixed oxide (Zn2MeO) and Zn-poor mixed oxide (ZnMe2O). In the glycerolysis of urea, the Zn2MeO catalysts exhibited higher glycerol conversion and glycerol carbonate yields than the ZnMe2O catalysts due to the predominance of homogeneous catalysis through Zn isocyanate (NCO) complexes from the Zn2MeO catalysts. Specifically, Zn2CrO was the best catalyst, with the highest yield of glycerol carbonate. Fourier transform IR (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric anal. (TGA) results of the spent catalysts clearly demonstrated the dominant formation of a solid Zn NCO complex over the spent Zn2CrO catalyst, a unique feature indicating that the better catalytic performance of Zn2CrO was due to the addnl. heterogeneous reaction route through the solid Zn NCO complex.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Some choline derivatives》. Authors are Hebky, J..The article about the compound:2-Chloroethyl acetatecas:542-58-5,SMILESS:CC(OCCCl)=O).Reference of 2-Chloroethyl acetate. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:542-58-5) is conveyed.

The orthoformate (I), orthoacetate (II), and orthophosphate (III) of (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride were prepared from Me3N (IV) in C6H6 and the appropriate 2-chloroethyl ester and identified as their tripicrates. I, II, and III probably break up in vivo into choline chloride, since biol. tests on rabbits showed they had the same activity as choline chloride, but only 1/1000 that of acetylcholine. 2-Chloroethyl orthoformate (V), a colorless, pleasant-smelling, stable liquid, b14 157° (after redistillation), was obtained in 83.4-g. yield (88.1% theory) by fractionally distilling under reduced pressure 2.5 hrs. a mixture of 55.6 g. (0.376 mol.) of HC(OEt)3 and 180 g. anhydrous CH2ClCH2OH with 1 drop saturated alc. HCl. 2-Chloroethyl orthoacetate (VI), a colorless sweet-smelling liquid turning slightly yellow on standing, b13 155-6°, was formed (18 g.) in a similar manner from 16.25 g. (0.1 mol.) MeC(OEt)3 and 50 g. dry CH2ClCH2OH with 1 drop alc. HCl. V (3 g.) and 15 cc. of a 16.9% C6H6 solution of IV heated 8 hrs. in a sealed tube at 100° formed 2 layers, the bottom one of which was I, a glassy, colorless, hygroscopic mass after removing C6H6, washing with H2O, and drying in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 1 week. I precipitated from absolute alc. with dry Et2O formed white crystals, m. 280° (decomposition). II, obtained from 4.4 g. VI heated in a sealed tube at 80-90° 10 hrs. with 25 cc. of a 16.9% C6H6 solution of IV and treated like I, had properties similar to I. (ClCH2CH2O)3PO (VII) was prepared according to (B.I.O.S. Final Report Number 696, p. 7) from 50 g. CH2ClCH2OH and 27.3 g. POCl3. The colorless product, dried 3 weeks over fused Na2SO4, weighed 23.3 g. VII (5.7 g.) and 20 cc. of a 21% solution of IV heated 10 hrs. in a sealed tube at 80° gave a thick, colorless sirup which changed into a glassy, slightly milky, almost solid hygroscopic mass of III after removing the benzene and drying in a vacuum desiccator over P2O5 3 months. Addition of Na picrate to a concentrated aqueous solution of I formed the tripicrate, HC[OCH2CH2NMe3C6H2O7N3]3, m. 214° after several recrystallizations from 70% EtOH with added charcoal. The crystalline tripicrate of II, MeC[OCH2CH2NMe3C6H2O7N3]3, formed in a similar way from II, m. 187-9°. The tripicrate, of III, OP[OCH2CH2NMe3C6H2O7N3]3, crystallized after 10 days from a solution of Na picrate added to a concentrated aqueous solution of III, m. 192° (repeated recrystallizations from 70% EtOH).

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

Application of 931-40-8. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: 4-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, is researched, Molecular C4H6O4, CAS is 931-40-8, about Nanodiscs and mass spectrometry: Making membranes fly. Author is Marty, Michael T..

Cells are surrounded by a protective lipid bilayer membrane, and membrane proteins in the bilayer control the flow of chems., information, and energy across this barrier. Many therapeutics target membrane proteins, and some directly target the lipid membrane itself. However, interactions within biol. membranes are challenging to study due to their heterogeneity and insolubility Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a powerful technique for studying membrane proteins, especially how membrane proteins interact with their surrounding lipid environment. Although detergent micelles are the most common membrane mimetic, nanodiscs are emerging as a promising platform for MS. Nanodiscs, nanoscale lipid bilayers encircled by two scaffold proteins, provide a controllable lipid bilayer for solubilizing membrane proteins. This Young Scientist Perspective focuses on native MS of intact nanodiscs and highlights the unique experiments enabled by making membranes fly, including studying membrane protein-lipid interactions and exploring the specificity of fragile transmembrane peptide complexes. It will also explore current challenges and future perspectives for interfacing nanodiscs with MS.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

In general, if the atoms that make up the ring contain heteroatoms, such rings become heterocycles, and organic compounds containing heterocycles are called heterocyclic compounds. An article called Cascade Membrane System for Separation of Water and Organics from Liquid By-Products of HTC of the Agricultural Digestate-Evaluation of Performance, published in 2021, which mentions a compound: 13925-00-3, Name is 2-Ethylpyrazine, Molecular C6H8N2, Application of 13925-00-3.

New regulations aimed at curbing the problem of eutrophication introduce limitations for traditional ways to use the byproduct of anaerobic digestion-the digestate. Hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) can be a viable way to valorise the digestate in an energy-efficient manner and at the same time maximise the synergy in terms of recovery of water, nutrients, followed by more efficient use of the remaining carbon. Addnl., hydrothermal treatment is a feasible way to recirculate recalcitrant process residues. Recirculation to anaerobic digestion enables recovery of a significant part of chem. energy lost in HTC by organics dissolved in the liquid effluent. Recirculating back to the HTC process can enhance nutrient recovery by making process water more acidic. However, such an effect of synergy can be exploited to its full extent only when viable separation techniques are applied to sep. organic byproducts of HTC and water. The results presented in this study show that using cascade membrane systems (microfiltration (MF) → ultrafiltration (UF) → nanofiltration (NF)), using polymeric membranes, can facilitate such separation The best results were obtained by conducting sequential treatment of the liquid byproduct of HTC in the following membrane sequence: MF 0.2μm → UF PES 10 → NF NPO30P, which allowed reaching COD removal efficiency of almost 60%.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare

The reaction of an aromatic heterocycle with a proton is called a protonation. One of articles about this theory is 《Acid iodides. II. The cleavage of aliphatic ethers by acid iodides》. Authors are Gustus, Edwin L.; Stevens, Philip G..The article about the compound:2-Chloroethyl acetatecas:542-58-5,SMILESS:CC(OCCCl)=O).Application of 542-58-5. Through the article, more information about this compound (cas:542-58-5) is conveyed.

When an aliphatic ether is treated with AcI, the reaction mixture becomes warm after a short induction period of often less than a min. This heat is soon dissipated. If the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature for 2-5 days, it is found that the ether has been cleaved with the formation of an alkyl iodide and an alkyl acetate. This reaction proceeds much faster with di-sec. than with di-primary ethers. The mol. weight of primary ethers appears to influence slightly the ease with which they are cleaved. In the cleavage of unsym. aliphatic ethers, it is found that, with di-primary ethers, the greater proportion of I is attached to the smaller alkyl group. With mixed primary-sec. ethers about 0.5 of the I went to the smaller (in this case the primary) radical; in addition, rearrangement products appeared. The structure of the acid iodide in ether cleavage is almost as important as the structure of the ether itself. The introduction of Cl into the iodide has a marked effect. While thioethers are cleaved by acid iodides, the rate of cleavage is much slower than that of O ethers. Pr2O (12.25 g.) and 17 g. AcI, after 89 hrs., give 45.8% PrI, isolated as PrMe3NI and AcOPr. Details of yields are given for Me2O, Bu2O, iso-Am2O, iso-Pr2O and AcI. Et2S and AcI after 1296 hrs. still contained much unreacted AcI; the reaction products were EtI and EtSH. AcI and (CH2)2O in 20 hrs. give 73.8% of β-ICH2CH2OAc, b43 95-6°, nD20 1.5072; AcCl, after 44 days at 25°, gives about 95% of β-ClCH2CH2OAc; if a drop of concentrated HCl is added to the AcCl the reaction is completed in about 2.5 days, the yield of β-ClCH2CH2OAc being 78%; a small amount of I also catalyzes the reaction, 31% acetate being formed in 3.5 days at 25°; when equivalent amounts of AcI, (CH2)2O and I were used, the tube exploded on removal from the bath at -80°. AcCl, iso-Am2O and I remain unchanged after 44 days at 25°. Et2O and ClCH2COI, 5 days at 25°, give 91% EtI and 92% ClCH2CO2Et. Cl2CHCOI and AcI, after 6 days, give 91% of EtI and Cl2CHCO2Et. Cl3CCOI did not react with (iso-Pr)2O. MeOBu and ClCH2COI after 2 weeks give 73.2% MeI, 13.3% BuI and also ClCH2CO2Bu. Me(iso-Pr)CHOH, transformed into the K salt in p-cymene and treated with Me2SO4, gives methylisopropylcarbinol Me ether, b737 81.2-1.5°, d420 0.7586, nD20 1.3850; with ClCH2COI there results MeI (33.5%) and Me2C:CHMe. Methylisopropylcarbinol chloroacetate, b738 180-1°, d420 1.0418, nD20 1.4298. No reaction appears to take place between ClCH2COI and (ClCH2)2O after heating 6 days at 100°, or between Cl3CCOI and Et2O after 112 hrs. at room temperature or 3 hrs. at 100°, or with AcCl and Et2S after 1 week at 100°.

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Reference:
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare