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Complexation constants of the proton, Kf(LHS+), and of the hydronium ion, Kf(LH3O+), with a host of crown ethers (L) in acetonitrile have been determined.With 12-crown-4 the proton yielded LHS+ and (a sandwich complex?) L2HS+.The dibenzo effect in 18-crown-6-on Kf(LHS+) and Kf(L3O+) is 2 orders of magnitude greater than that on Kf(LK+).It is concluded that the proton as well as the hydronium ion is complexed by hydrogen bonding to the ether oxygens in addition to ion-dipole interaction with the oxygens.The exchange constant between LHS+ and Ag(1+) has been determined in propylene carbonate and found equal to the ratio of formation constants of the complexes.The mobility (lambda0) of the hydronium ion complex with dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 in acetonitrile (cis, syn, cis) has been found equal to 68.3 (25 deg C) and is considerably greater than the literature value of 53.3 of the complex with potassium.

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A conductance study concerning the interaction between ammonium ion and several crown ethers in acetonitrile solution has been carried out at different temperatures.The stability constants of the resulting 1:1 complexes at various temperatures were determined from the molar conductance-mole ratio data and found to vary in the order DC18C6 > 18C6 > DB30C10 > DB21C7 > DB24C8 > DB18C6 > 15C5 > B15C5.The enthalpy and entropy of complexation were determined from the temperature dependence of the formation constants.The influence on the thermodynamic data of different parameters such as cavity size and dimensionality of crown ethers, nature of substituents in the polyether ring, conformations of the free and complexed ligands, solvent-ligand interaction and number of N-H bonds available for hydrogen bonding are discussed. – Key words: Crown ethers; ammonium ion; complexation; acetonitrile; molar conductance; stability constant; enthalpy; entropy.

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Four supramolecular cations (m-XAni+)(DB[18]crown-6) (X = F, Cl, Br or I; Ani+ = anilinium ion; DB[18]crown-6 = dibenzo[18]crown-6) were introduced into crystals of a Keggin [SMo12O402-] polyanion to form [(m-XAni+)(DB[18]crown-6)]2[SMo12O402-]·4CH3CN (1, 2, 3 or 4 for X = F, Cl, Br or I) through a hydrogen-bonding interaction. Crystals 1, 2, 3 and 4, which were isomorphous to each other, crystallized in the monoclinic space group P21/n. Supramolecular cations (m-XAni+)(DB[18]crown-6) were constructed by a N-H+…O hydrogen-bonding interaction. [SMo12O402-] polyoxoanions were infinitely extended in three dimensions through a weak C-H…O hydrogen-bonding interaction with DB[18]crown-6. Disorder of the halogen atoms at the meta-position was observed in crystals 1, 2 and 3. The rotational freedom of the (m-XAni+) cations was suppressed because of weak interactions with surrounding molecules.

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The complexation behavior of pyridoxine hydrochloride with certain oxa- and thia-crown ethers in dimethylsulfoxide has been studied by conductometric and polarographic techniques. The vitamin is observed to form complexes with six-membered coronand rings of the crown ethers. The conductivity studies indicate 1:1 complex formation between the vitamin and the crown ether. The nature of the atoms (oxygen and sulpur) in the coronand ring is observed to affect the stability of the complex. The limiting ionic conductivity of the complexed vitamin is also reported. In addition, complexation studies of pyridoxine hydrochloride were carried out by polarography, and the results obtained compared well with those obtained by conductivity measurements.

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The macrocyclic compounds 1,6,7,14,23-pentaoxa<7,2> orthocyclo<2> (2,6)-pyridinophan; (DBP18C6) and 1,4,7,14,17,20-hexaoxa<7,7> ortocyclophan; (DB18C6), used as ligands in the complexes with Eu(ClO4)3 and Tb(ClO4)3, were examined.A series of absorption spectra of Eu(III)<*>DBP18C6 and Tb(III)<*>DBP18C6 complexes was obtained by spectrophotometric titration with the lanthanide ions as a titrant and using CH3CN and CH3OH as solvent at different volume ratios.The analysis of absorption spectra has shown a different influence of the mixed solvent on absorbance of the complexes investigated.An analogous investigation carried out with DB18C6 similar to DBP18C6 has led to the conclusion that the presence of pyridine ring in DBP18C6 influences the effects observed. Key words: lanthanides, macrocyclic polyethers, spectrophotometric titration, solvation

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The Zn(BH4)2 · 15-crown-5, Zn(BH4)2 · 18-crown-6, and Zn(BH4)2 · dibenzo-18-crown-6 complexes, which are insoluble in diethyl ether, were prepared by the reaction of zinc tetrahydroborate with oxygen-containing macrocyclic ligands in the ratio 1 : 1 in diethyl ether. The complexes were characterized by chemical analysis, IR spectroscopy, and differential thermal analysis.

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The complex formation of crown ethers with ammonium ions chemically bonded on silica gel has been chromatographically investigated. Although the selectivity in the complex formation of crown ethers is basically the same as in solution, a counter anion existing in the diffuse double layer of the silica gel also plays an important role, even when a polar solvent with hydrogen-bond formation ability such as methanol, is used as a medium. The overall complex formation at the silica gel surface can be divided into three processes: (i) the dissociation of a counter anion from its ion-pair with the ammonium ion; (ii) complex formation of a crown ether with the ammonium ion; (iii) formation of an ion-pair between the anion and the ammonium ion complexed by the crown ether. This mechanism is evaluated from thermodynamic viewpoints including the solvation of anions, the ion-pair formation of anions with ammonium, etc.

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Biologically important planar five-ring aromatic bases as their imidazolium and pyrazolium cations form crystalline 2:2 complexes with dibenzo-18-crown-6, creating one-dimensional arrays in a polar crystal lattice.

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A new type of dissymmetric macrotricyclic cryptand, which contains dibenzo-18-crown-6 and cyclophane sub-units as substrate selective binding sites, was synthesized.The cryptand formed inclusion complex with 4-phenylbutylammonium picrate.Complex formation was ascertained by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in a CDCl3/CD3OD (4/1) solution.

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The stability constant of the dibenzo-18-crown-6?H3O + cationic complex species dissolved in nitrobenzene saturated with water has been determined from extraction experiments in the two-phase water-nitrobenzene system and from gamma-activity measurements. Various structures of protonated dibenzo-18-crown-6 are discussed.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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