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A one-pot efficient and facile protocol for the direct synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives via tandem N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed umpolung of aldehydes/oxidation of the benzoins to benzils/condensation of benzils with benzene-1,2-diamines has been developed. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart New York.

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The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.7181-87-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium iodide, molecular formula is C9H11IN2. In a Article£¬once mentioned of 7181-87-5, category: chiral-catalyst

It has recently been shown that palladium-catalyzed reactions with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands involve R-NHC coupling accompanied by transformation of the molecular catalytic system into the nanoscale catalytic system. An important question appeared in this regard is whether such a change in the catalytic system is irreversible. More specifically, is the reverse nano-to-molecular transformation possible? In view of the paramount significance of this question to the area of catalyst design, we studied the capability of 2-substituted azolium salts to undergo the breakage of C-C bond and exchange substituents on the carbene carbon with corresponding aryl halides in the presence of Pd nanoparticles. The study provides important experimental evidence of possibility of the reversible R-NHC coupling. The observed behavior indicates that the nanosized metal species are capable of reverse transition to molecular species. Such an option, known for phosphine ligands, was previously unexplored for NHC ligands. The present study for the first time demonstrates bidirectional dynamic transitions between the molecular and nanostructured states in Pd/NHC systems. As a unique feature, surprisingly small activation barriers (<18 kcal/mol) and noticeable thermodynamic driving force (-5 to -7 kcal/mol) were calculated for C-C bond oxidative addition to Pd(0) centers in the studied system. The first example of NHC-mediated Pd leaching from metal nanoparticles to solution was observed and formation of Pd/NHC complex in solution was detected by ESI-MS. Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions.category: chiral-catalyst, you can also check out more blogs about7181-87-5

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Phosphorescent PtII complexes featuring pincer luminophores of 2,6-bis(1,2,4-triazolyl)pyridine (H2L1) and 2,6-bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine (H2L3) with a bulky adamantyl or tolyl substituent (H2L4) are systematically compared, and their structural features are correlated with their photophysical properties. The combination with 4-amylpyridine (Py), triphenylphosphine (P) or benzimidazol-2-ylidene (N-heterocyclic carbene, NHC) donors as monodentate ancillary ligands gave a series of highly luminescent triplet emitters with variable aggregation properties. The molecular structures of four of these complexes, namely, Pt-L1-P, Pt-L1-NHC, Pt-L3-P, and Pt-L4-P were garnered from single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The coordination complexes displayed green phosphorescence in solution and in the solid state. In doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices, most of the complexes exhibited high phosphorescence quantum yields, which reached 59 % for Pt-L3-P. A comparative analysis between the spectroscopic data and the computed parameters derived from time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations suggests that the emission originates from metal-perturbed ligand-centered excited triplet states (3MP-LC). The radiationless deactivation rate constants of the emissive states can be correlated with the aggregation properties derived from the substitution pattern at the tridentate luminophores and the ancillary ligands, whereas the radiative rate constants are determined by the electronic structures of the complexes. We found that PtII complexes containing pyrazolate donors showed an enhanced charge-transfer character in the excited state, whereas bulky adamantyl moieties and triphenylphosphine ancillary ligands suppress bimolecular aggregation and quenching phenomena.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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7181-87-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium iodide, molecular formula is C9H11IN2, belongs to chiral-catalyst compound, is a common compound. In a patnet, once mentioned the new application about 7181-87-5, Formula: C9H11IN2

The invention discloses a biphenyl bridged bi-benzo imidazolium preparation method and its application. In order to 1, 3 – dimethyl benzimidazole […] with 1, 4 – diiodobiphenyl as substrate, metal salt as a catalyst, in order to alkali as additive, in the 0 – 200 C reaction under 0.1 – 96 hours, the one-step gets biphenyl bridged bi-benzimidazole spade. The compound is dissolved in acetonitrile, […] the solution obtained is injected into the glass between the two pieces of ITO, a voltage is applied, the solution changed from colourless to brown, the voltage is removed, the solution also become colorless, this color-changing process is reversible, can be repeated many times. The invention has simple process, easy operation, low cost, environment-friendly, repeatability and the like, it is expected to realize industrial large-scale production; the invention synthesizes a with electrochromic properties of the imidazole onium derivatives, is expected to be applied to the electronic display, color-changing glass, automobile anti-glare mirror fields. (by machine translation)

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The reactant in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is called a substrate. Enzyme inhibitors cause a decrease in the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.I hope my blog about 7181-87-5 is helpful to your research., HPLC of Formula: C9H11IN2

The reaction rate of a catalyzed reaction is faster than the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed reaction at the same temperature.7181-87-5, Name is 1,3-Dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-3-ium iodide, molecular formula is C9H11IN2. In a Article,once mentioned of 7181-87-5, HPLC of Formula: C9H11IN2

Several quaternary salts derived from 1,1′-methylenediimidazole and 1,1′-methylenedibenzimidazole have been prepared.A comparative study with the salts derived from 1-methylimidazole and 1-methylbenzimidazole has been carried out using proton magnetic resonance.Nuclear Overhauser effect and shift reagents have been used for the assignment of heterocyclic protons.

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Chemical shifts and coupling constants are reported for seven azole derivatives (imidazoles, triazoles and their benzo derivatives), their quaternary salts and the corresponding dicyanomethylides.The assignment of the heterocyclic carbons is based on couplings with the N-methyl group.Compared with neutral azoles the quaternary salts show irregular effects for the chemical shifts.On the other hand, the 13C chemical shifts of dicyanomethylides are similar to those of N-methyl quaternary salts.

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Chiral Catalysts,
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Cu-catalyzed controllable C-H mono-/di-/triarylations of imidazolium salts for ionic functional materials

Herein the Cu-catalyzed direct C-H mono-, di- and triarylations of imidazolium salts with aryl iodides/bromides are accomplished for the first time. The unprecedented alkenylation and alkynylation are also realized using alkenyl and alkynyl iodides, respectively. Moreover, triarylated imidazolium salts with different substituents can be accessed in a modular and one-pot manner. This protocol provides an efficient tool for the assembly of diverse imidazolium-based ionic functional materials. As applicable examples, an electrochromic bisbenzimidazolium salt 7 and a photochromic triarylimidazolium salt 8 are easily obtained.

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Ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization of propylene oxide catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes

Herein, we demonstrate the application of adducts of various N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) with CO2 (i.e., NHC-CO2) as precatalysts in the ring-opening homopolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) onto diethylene glycol as a chain starter to give well-defined polyether diols. The influence of various NHCs on the structure of the polymers and the mechanism of this reaction were investigated both experimentally and through DFT calculations. With this methodology, copolymers of PO and the monomers epsilon-caprolactone and (S,S)-lactide are accessible. Getting ROPed in: The influence and reaction mechanism of various CO2 adducts of N-heterocyclic carbenes in the ring-opening homopolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) onto diethylene glycol as the chain starter is investigated. Not only are well-defined polyether diols accessible, but also copolymers of PO and other monomers, such as epsilon-caprolactone and (S,S)-lactide. Copyright

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Convenient Preparation and Detailed Analysis of a Series of NHC-Stabilized Phosphorus(I) Dyes and Their Derivatives

A safe, convenient, and P-atom-efficient synthesis of N-heterocyclic-carbene- (NHC-) stabilized phosphorus(I) bromide salts is reported that involves P+ transfer from an easily prepared triphosphenium precursor. The resulting family of phosphamethine cyanine dyes featuring N,N?-dialkyl-substituted 4,5-dimethylimidazole-2-ylidenes (RNHCMe) and benzimidazole-2-ylidenes (RNHCB) (R = Me, Et, iPr) have been fully characterized. We found that increasing N-alkyl group size causes increased twisting of the carbene fragments from the C-P-C plane, which decreases the magnitude of hyperconjugation between the pi-type lone pair on phosphorus and the carbene fragments. This decrease is manifested as changes in the 31P NMR chemical shifts, magnitudes of the P-C coupling constants, and electronic spectra of the cations. The reactivities of these ions toward various oxidants are reported: Oxidation by sulfur generates dithiophosphinium salts, protonation or methylation gives dicationic phosphines, and coordination to 1 or 2 equiv of gold(I) chloride results in mono or bimetallic complexes, respectively.

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Convenient Preparation and Detailed Analysis of a Series of NHC-Stabilized Phosphorus(I) Dyes and Their Derivatives

A safe, convenient, and P-atom-efficient synthesis of N-heterocyclic-carbene- (NHC-) stabilized phosphorus(I) bromide salts is reported that involves P+ transfer from an easily prepared triphosphenium precursor. The resulting family of phosphamethine cyanine dyes featuring N,N?-dialkyl-substituted 4,5-dimethylimidazole-2-ylidenes (RNHCMe) and benzimidazole-2-ylidenes (RNHCB) (R = Me, Et, iPr) have been fully characterized. We found that increasing N-alkyl group size causes increased twisting of the carbene fragments from the C-P-C plane, which decreases the magnitude of hyperconjugation between the pi-type lone pair on phosphorus and the carbene fragments. This decrease is manifested as changes in the 31P NMR chemical shifts, magnitudes of the P-C coupling constants, and electronic spectra of the cations. The reactivities of these ions toward various oxidants are reported: Oxidation by sulfur generates dithiophosphinium salts, protonation or methylation gives dicationic phosphines, and coordination to 1 or 2 equiv of gold(I) chloride results in mono or bimetallic complexes, respectively.

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Reference£º
Chiral Catalysts,
Chiral catalysts – SlideShare